Kamarampaka ni umunsi utazibagirana mu mateka y’u Rwanda. Ku muntu wese wumva ururimi rw’ikinyarwanda, ijambo Kamarampaka ririsobanura ubwaryo, ariko ku batumva neza ururimi, bagomba gusobanurirwa icyo rivuga- dore ko ari ijambo ry’inyunge- ndetse bakanabwirwa inkomoko yaryo. Muri Fondasiyo Umurage Nyarwanda, dusanga ari inshingano yacu, ndetse n’undi munyarwanda wese ushishikajwe no kumenya ndetse no kumenyekanisha amateka yacu, kugira icyo tuvuga kuri uyu munsi twibukaho ku nshuro ya 52 iyo Kamarampaka, ngo ababibonye babyigishe, ababyigishijwe babyibuke, n’abatabizi babimenye.

 

Ni ngombwa kumenya ko Kamarampaka yabaye ku itariki ya 25 Nzeri 1961 itaje nk’inkuba, ko ahubwo ifite impamvu zayiteye, ndetse n’ibikorwa byayibanjirije aribyo tugira ngo twibukiranye muri aka kanya. Hari kw’itariki ya 26 y’ ukwezi kwa 6 (Kamena) kugera mu mpera z’ukwa 7 (Nyakanga) umwaka w’i 1960, ubwo ubutegetsi bw’Ababiligi bayoboraga u Rwanda bahagarariye umuryango w’abibumbye, bahagarariye amatora yo mu nzego zo hasi zihagarariye abaturage. Ayo matora yarangiye atsinzwe n’amashyaka ataravugaga rumwe n’ubwami bwariho.

 

Iyo Kamarampaka kandi yabaye nk’umusozo w’ibibazo by’ubusumbane byari byaramunze abanyarwanda, mu gihe cyose bayoborwaga n’ubutegetsi bwa cyami, kandi iba na gihamya ku mwami ku buryo budasubirwaho ko abaturage yayoboraga batamushakaga. Kubera kandi kutishimira ubutegetsi bwa cyami, guhera mu mwaka w’i 1944, rubanda (abahutu) yari iyobowe na Nyakwigendera Perezida Grégoire Kayibanda, yatangiye gusaba guhagararirwa mu nzego z’ubuyobozi bw’igihugu, nyamara ariko yimwa amatwi n’ubutegetsi bwa cyami. Ni bwo nyuma y’imyaka 6, mu w’i 1950, we n’abo bari bafatanyije bashyizeho urugaga bise “Hutu Social Movement” ngo barukoreremo mu rwego rwo guharanira uburenganzira bwa rubanda.

 

Mu mwaka w’ i 1953, n’uw’i 1956, bashoboye gutuma mu gihugu haba amatora yatsinzwe n’urugaga bari bahagarariye (Hutu Social Movement), nyamara bemerewe guhagararira abaturage ku nzego z’ibanze n’iz’intara gusa, bangirwa guhagararira abaturage ku rwego rw’igihugu. Uku kwari ukuniga demokarasi ku buryo bugaragara.

 

Mu Kwakira 1959, Hutu Social Movement ihindura izina, yitwa Parmehutu (Party of the Movement for Hutu Emancipation) kugira ngo izina n’intego zabo birusheho gusa. Ku itariki 6 Kamena (June) 1960, yongeraho MDR (Democratic Republican Movement), kubera ko yashakaga ko ubutegetsi bwa cyami busimbuzwa ubwa Repubulika. Ubwo urwo rugaga ruba rwiswe MDR Parmehutu.

 

Kuri 24 Werurwe (March) 1957, abayobozi b’amashyaka ataravugaga rumwe n’ubwami ashyira ahagaragara inyandiko bise “Hutu Manifesto” ikubiyemo ibibazo by’u Rwanda n’abanyarwanda baterwa n’ubwami, nyamara ibwami buhakana ko nta kibazo gihari. Abayobozi b’ayo mashyaka bakomeje guhirimbanira demokarasi, ku buryo igihe umwami Rudahigwa yatangaga (yapfaga) ku itariki 25 Nyakanga 1959, bose bari biteze ko ubwami burangiye, cyane cyane ko nta mwana n’umwe yari asize, mu gihe bavugaga ko “umwami asimburwa n’umwana we”. Nyamara abo bayobozi ndetse na rubanda rwose rwaratunguwe ubwo uwo mwami yasimbuzwaga mwene se Kigeli Ndahindurwa, ngo akomeze imigambi yo gukandamiza rubanda.

 

Ku itariki ya 1 Ugushyingo (November) 1959, umwe mu bayobozi ba MDR Parmehutu –Dominiko Mbonyumutwa - yaragambaniwe, arahohoterwa, arasuzugurwa ndetse aranakubitwa n’insoresore zari zishyigikiye ubwami. Birumvikana ko zitashakaga ko rubanda ibohoka. Inkuru y’iryo hohoterwa ndetse bamwe banemeza ko yapfuye yageze byihuta ku ivuko rye aho yayoboraga ku rwego rw’ibanze. Abaturage batangiye kubaza uko byagendekeye umuyobozi wabo, maze abari bashyigikiye ubwami bashaka kubacecekesha, babasuzugura ndetse batangira no kubakubita. Umwe muri bo yagize ati: “reka nkwereke ko abahutu nta cyo mushobora gukora ku batutsi”. Ubwo aba arekuye umwambi, agaritse umwe muri rubanda, ubwo ga ruba rurambikanye, intambara iba itangiye ityo, abakoloni bananirwa kuyihosha kuko abaturage bari bariye karungu. Abarwanyaga ubwami baba baranesheje, abari babushyigikiye barahunze, maze kuko benshi bari abayobozi ubwo mu turere twinshi hasigara nta buyobozi.

 

Ni bwo rero Abakoloni bakoresheje ya matora navuze haruguru ngo abaturage bihitiremo ababayobora. MDR Parmehutu n’abo bari bafatanyije bayatsinda ku buryo busesuye, kuko abarenze 80% by’abatoye aribo bahisemo, bivuga ngo ubwami bwatowe n’abantu bake cyane. Mu kwezi kwa 10 (Ukwakira), habayeho amatora y’abadepite, maze Grégoire Kayibanda atorerwa kuba Ministre w’intebe.

 

Hari ku itariki ya 28 Mutarama i Gitarama, ni bwo abo bayobozi batowe n’abaturage mu kwezi kwa 6 n’ukwa 7, hamwe n’abo badepite batowe mu kwa 10 umwaka wa 1960, bahuraga maze bafata ibyemezo bikurikra:

 

1. Ivanwaho ry’ubwami n’ibimenyetso byabwo (Ingoma n’ibindi)

2. Kwambura umwami uburenganzira bwe bwose

3. Ishyirwaho rya Repubulika n’ibimenyetso byayo (Ibendera)

4. Itorwa rya Perezida wa Repubulika (Dominiko Mbonyumutwa)

5. Ishyirwaho ry’itegeko-nshinga ry’agateganyo

 

Umwami n’ibyegera bye bamaganiye kure iyo myanzuro maze barega mu muryango w’abibumbye (UN), bavuga ko ibyafatiwe muri iyo kongere y’i Gitarama atari byo abaturage bashaka. UN itegeka ko hazabaho amatora maze abaturage bakagaragaza ugushaka kwabo. Itariki y’ayo matora yiswe “Kamarampaka (End of dispute) yagizwe iya 25 Nzeri 1961, ari wo munsi twibuka ku nshuro ya 52 uyu munsi. Ibyavuye muri ayo matora byerekanye ko 80% by’abaturage badashaka ubwami ndetse n’umwami wariho Kigeli Ndahindurwa.

 

Ngayo rero amavu n’amavuko y’umunsi twibuka none, nemeza ko wabaye akatazibagirana mu mateka y’abanyarwanda, kuko wabaye umunsi wahaye abanyarwanda uburenganzira bwabo bwo kwihitiramo ababayobora. Muri Fondasiyo Umurage Nyarwanda, turifuza kwibutsa abanyarwanda b’ingeri zose ko uyu munsi ugomba guhabwa agaciro kawo ku munyarwanda uwo ari we wese, waba uwo wakuye ku mwanya w’ubuyobozi, cyangwa se uwawumukuyeho kuko uburenganzira bw’abaturage bwari bwubahirijwe. Ku rundi ruhande kandi, uyu munsi ugomba kudusigira amasomo y’ingenzi, ko igihe cyose ugushaka kwa rubanda gupfukiranywe, bibyara ingaruka zitari nziza zishobora kugera kuri buri wese. Uyu munsi rero utubere uwo gutangira gufata ingamba twe nk’abanyarwanda zatuma twirinda kuzagira ubwo duhura n’ibihe bibi nk’ibyo twanyuzemo.

 

Harakabaho u Rwanda n’amateka yarwo, umuco warwo, n’abanyarwanda bibumbye.

 

Vivence Kayiranga Kalitanyi